Yaya tsawon lokacin da masu canza hasken rana ke zama?

A kashi na farko na wannan silsilar, mujallar pv ta yi bitar abubuwantsawon rayuwar masu amfani da hasken rana, waxanda suke da juriya sosai. A cikin wannan ɓangaren, muna bincika masu jujjuya hasken rana a cikin nau'o'in su daban-daban, tsawon lokacin da suke daɗe, da kuma yadda suke da juriya.

Inverter, na'urar da ke juyar da wutar lantarki ta DC da masu amfani da hasken rana ke samarwa zuwa wutar AC mai amfani, na iya zuwa cikin wasu sauye-sauye daban-daban.

Manyan nau'ikan inverters guda biyu a cikin aikace-aikacen zama sune inverters da microinverters. A wasu aikace-aikace, string inverters suna sanye take da module-level power electronics (MLPE) da ake kira DC optimizers. Microinverters da DC optimizers ana amfani da su gabaɗaya don rufin rufi tare da yanayin shading ko ingantacciyar hanya (ba ta fuskantar kudu ba).

A cikin aikace-aikace inda rufin yana da azimuth da aka fi so (daidaitacce zuwa rana) kuma kadan babu batutuwan shading, mai jujjuya kirtani na iya zama mafita mai kyau.

Inverters gabaɗaya suna zuwa tare da sauƙaƙe wayoyi da wurin da aka keɓe don sauƙin gyare-gyare ta hanyar masu fasahar hasken rana.Yawanci ba su da tsada,Inji Solar Reviews. Inverters na iya yawanci tsadar 10-20% na jimlar shigar da hasken rana, don haka zabar wanda ya dace yana da mahimmanci.

Har yaushe suke dawwama?

Duk da yake hasken rana na iya wuce shekaru 25 zuwa 30 ko fiye, inverters gabaɗaya suna da ɗan gajeren rayuwa, saboda ƙarin abubuwan tsufa da sauri. Tushen gazawar gama gari a cikin inverter shine lalacewa na injin lantarki akan capacitor a cikin inverter. The electrolyte capacitors suna da ɗan gajeren rayuwa da shekaru da sauri fiye da busassun abubuwan da aka gyara,Inji Solar Harmonics.

EnergySage ya cecewa na'urar inverter na yau da kullun na zama na yau da kullun zai šauki kimanin shekaru 10-15, don haka ana buƙatar maye gurbinsu a wani lokaci yayin rayuwar bangarorin.

Inverters na igiyoyikullum suna dadaidaitattun garanti daga shekaru 5-10, da yawa tare da zaɓi don ƙarawa zuwa shekaru 20. Wasu kwangilolin hasken rana sun haɗa da kulawa da kulawa kyauta ta hanyar lokacin kwangilar, don haka yana da kyau a kimanta wannan lokacin zabar inverters.

Microinverters suna da tsawon rai, EnergySage ya ce sau da yawa za su iya wuce shekaru 25, kusan idan dai takwarorinsu na kwamitin. Roth Capital Partners ya ce abokan hulɗar masana'antar sa gabaɗaya suna ba da rahoton gazawar microinverter a cikin ƙarancin ƙima fiye da inverters, kodayake farashin gaba gabaɗaya ya ɗan fi girma a cikin microinverters.

Microinverters yawanci suna da daidaitaccen garanti na shekaru 20 zuwa 25 sun haɗa. Ya kamata a lura cewa yayin da microinverters ke da dogon garanti, har yanzu suna da ingantacciyar fasaha daga shekaru goma da suka gabata ko makamancin haka, kuma ya rage a gani idan kayan aikin zasu cika alkawurran shekaru 20+.

Haka yake ga masu haɓakawa na DC, waɗanda galibi ana haɗa su tare da inverter na tsakiya. An ƙirƙira waɗannan abubuwan haɗin don ɗaukar shekaru 20-25 kuma suna da garanti don dacewa da wannan lokacin.

Dangane da masu samar da inverter, wasu ƴan samfuran suna riƙe babban rabon kasuwa. A cikin Amurka, Ƙaddamar da jagoran kasuwa don microinverters, yayin da SolarEdge ke jagorantar masu juyawa. Tesla ya kasance yana yin raƙuman ruwa a sararin samaniyar string inverter, yana ɗaukar rabon kasuwa, kodayake ya rage a ga yawan tasirin shigar da Tesla zai yi, in ji bayanin masana'antu daga Roth Capital Partners.

(Karanta: “Masu saka hasken rana na Amurka suna lissafin Qcells, Enphase a matsayin manyan samfuran")

Kasawa

Wani binciken da kWh Analytics ya yi ya gano cewa kashi 80% na gazawar tsararrun hasken rana suna faruwa a matakin inverter. Akwai dalilai da yawa na wannan.

A cewar Fallon Solutions, dalili ɗaya shine kuskuren grid. Babban ko ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki saboda kuskuren grid na iya haifar da inverter ya daina aiki, kuma ana iya kunna na'urorin haɗi ko fuses don kare inverter daga rashin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.

Wani lokaci gazawar na iya faruwa a matakin MLPE, inda abubuwan da ke inganta wutar lantarki ke fallasa zuwa yanayin zafi mafi girma akan rufin. Idan an rage yawan samarwa, zai iya zama kuskure a cikin MLPE.

Dole ne a yi shigarwa yadda ya kamata kuma. A matsayinka na babban yatsan yatsa, Fallon ya ba da shawarar cewa karfin hasken rana ya kamata ya kai kashi 133% na karfin inverter. Idan bangarorin ba su daidaita daidai da mai jujjuya girman daidai ba, ba za su yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba.

Kulawa

Don kiyaye inverter yana aiki da inganci na dogon lokaci, haka neshawarardon shigar da na'urar a cikin sanyi, busasshiyar wuri tare da yawancin iska mai yawo. Masu sakawa yakamata su guji wuraren da ke da hasken rana kai tsaye, kodayake takamaiman nau'ikan inverter na waje an tsara su don jure hasken rana fiye da sauran. Kuma, a cikin na'urori masu inverter da yawa, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa akwai izini mai kyau tsakanin kowane inverter, don kada a canza zafi tsakanin inverter.

Yana da kyau a duba wajen na'urar inverter (idan ana iya samunsa) a cikin kwata, tabbatar da cewa babu alamun lalacewa, kuma duk filaye da filaye masu sanyaya ba su da datti da ƙura.

Hakanan ana ba da shawarar tsara jadawalin dubawa ta hanyar mai saka hasken rana mai lasisi a kowace shekara biyar. Binciken yawanci farashin $200- $300, kodayake wasu kwangilolin hasken rana suna da kulawa da kulawa kyauta na shekaru 20-25. Lokacin dubawa, mai duba ya kamata ya duba cikin injin inverter don alamun lalacewa, lalacewa, ko kwari.