Ana sayar da filayen hasken rana na zama tare da lamuni ko lamuni na dogon lokaci, tare da masu gida suna shiga kwangilar shekaru 20 ko fiye. Amma tsawon wane lokaci fafuna ke daɗe, kuma yaya juriya suke?
Rayuwar panel ta dogara da abubuwa da yawa, gami da yanayi, nau'in module, da tsarin tarawa da aka yi amfani da su, da sauransu. Duk da yake babu takamaiman “kwanan kwanan wata” don kwamitin kowane sashe, asarar samarwa akan lokaci yakan tilasta yin ritayar kayan aiki.
Lokacin yanke shawarar ko za a ci gaba da gudanar da kwamitin ku na shekaru 20-30 a nan gaba, ko don neman haɓakawa a wancan lokacin, matakan fitarwa shine hanya mafi kyau don yanke shawara mai fa'ida.
Lalacewa
Asarar kayan aiki akan lokaci, wanda ake kira lalata, yawanci ƙasa a kusan 0.5% kowace shekara, bisa ga Laboratory Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
Masu masana'anta yawanci suna la'akari da shekaru 25 zuwa 30 lokacin da isasshen lalacewa ya faru inda zai iya zama lokacin yin la'akari da maye gurbin panel. Matsayin masana'antu don garantin masana'antu shine shekaru 25 akan tsarin hasken rana, in ji NREL.
Idan aka ba da 0.5% ma'auni na raguwa na shekara-shekara, kwamitin mai shekaru 20 yana da ikon samar da kusan kashi 90% na iyawarsa ta asali.
Ingancin panel na iya yin ɗan tasiri akan ƙimar lalacewa. NREL ta ba da rahoton manyan masana'antun kamar Panasonic da LG suna da ƙimar kusan 0.3% a kowace shekara, yayin da wasu samfuran suna raguwa a farashin da ya kai 0.80%. Bayan shekaru 25, waɗannan fa'idodin ƙima na iya samar da kashi 93% na fitowar su na asali, kuma mafi girman ƙazamin misali na iya haifar da 82.5%.
(Karanta: “Masu bincike suna tantance lalacewa a cikin tsarin PV waɗanda suka girmi shekaru 15")
Wani yanki mai girman girman lalacewa ana danganta shi da wani abu da ake kira yuwuwar lalata lalata (PID), batun da wasu suka fuskanta, amma ba duka ba, bangarori. PID yana faruwa ne lokacin yuwuwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ɗigowar motsin motsi na yanzu a cikin ƙirar tsakanin kayan semiconductor da sauran abubuwan ƙirar, kamar gilashin, dutsen, ko firam. Wannan yana haifar da ƙarfin fitar da wutar lantarki na samfurin ya ragu, a wasu lokuta mahimmanci.
Wasu masana'antun suna gina fale-falen su tare da kayan juriya na PID a cikin gilashin su, rufewa, da shingen watsawa.
Dukkan bangarorin kuma suna fama da wani abu da ake kira lalata-induced degendation (LID), wanda a cikin sa'o'i na farko na fallasa ga rana. LID ya bambanta daga panel zuwa panel dangane da ingancin wafers silicon crystalline, amma yawanci yana haifar da asarar lokaci ɗaya, 1-3% cikin inganci, in ji dakin gwaje-gwaje PVEL, PV Evolution Labs.
Yanayin yanayi
Bayyanar yanayin yanayi shine babban direba a cikin lalatawar panel. Heat shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci a cikin aikin panel na lokaci-lokaci da kuma lalacewa akan lokaci. Zafin yanayi mara kyau yana shafar aiki da ingancin kayan aikin lantarki,a cewar NREL.
Ta hanyar duba takardar bayanan masana'anta, ana iya samun ma'aunin zafin jiki na panel, wanda zai nuna ikon kwamitin na yin aiki a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma.
Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta bayyana yawan ƙimar ingancin lokacin da aka rasa ta kowane digiri na Celsius ya karu sama da daidaitattun zafin jiki na 25 ma'aunin celcius. Misali, ma'aunin zafin jiki na -0.353% yana nufin cewa ga kowane digiri Celsius sama da 25, 0.353% na jimlar ƙarfin samarwa ya ɓace.
Musanya zafi yana haifar da lalacewa ta hanyar tsarin da ake kira hawan keke na thermal. Lokacin da yake dumi, kayan suna fadada, kuma lokacin da zafin jiki ya ragu, suna yin kwangila. Wannan motsi a hankali yana haifar da microcracks a cikin panel akan lokaci, rage fitarwa.
A cikin shekara-shekaraNazarin Katin Score Module, PVEL yayi nazarin ayyukan hasken rana guda 36 na aiki a Indiya, kuma ya sami tasiri mai mahimmanci daga lalatawar zafi. Matsakaicin raguwar ayyukan na shekara-shekara ya sauka a 1.47%, amma tsararrun da ke cikin mafi sanyi, yankuna masu tsaunuka sun ragu da kusan rabin adadin, a 0.7%.
Shigarwa mai kyau zai iya taimakawa wajen magance matsalolin zafi. Ya kamata a shigar da bangarori ƴan inci sama da rufin, ta yadda iska mai ɗaukar nauyi zata iya gudana ƙarƙashinsa kuma ta kwantar da kayan aiki. Ana iya amfani da kayan launin haske a cikin ginin panel don iyakance ɗaukar zafi. Kuma abubuwa kamar inverters da hadawa, wanda aikinsu ya fi dacewa da zafi, yakamata a kasance a wuraren da aka shaded.An ba da shawarar CED Greentech.
Iska wani yanayin yanayi ne wanda zai iya haifar da wasu lahani ga hasken rana. Iska mai ƙarfi na iya haifar da jujjuyawar bangarorin, wanda ake kira daɗaɗɗen kayan aikin injiniya. Wannan kuma yana haifar da microcracks a cikin bangarori, rage fitarwa. Wasu mafita na racking an inganta su don wuraren da ke da iska mai ƙarfi, suna kare fale-falen daga ƙarfin ɗagawa mai ƙarfi da iyakance microcracking. Yawanci, takaddar bayanan masana'anta za ta ba da bayanai kan max iskokin da kwamitin zai iya jurewa.
Haka yake don dusar ƙanƙara, wanda zai iya rufe bangarori yayin hadari mai nauyi, yana iyakance fitarwa. Dusar ƙanƙara kuma na iya haifar da ƙarfin injina mai ƙarfi, yana ƙasƙantar da bangarorin. Yawanci, dusar ƙanƙara za ta zame daga bangarori, saboda suna da slick kuma suna da dumi, amma a wasu lokuta mai gida na iya yanke shawarar share dusar ƙanƙara daga bangarorin. Dole ne a yi wannan a hankali, kamar yadda kullun gilashin gilashin panel zai yi mummunan tasiri akan fitarwa.
(Karanta: “Nasihu don kiyaye tsarin hasken rana na saman rufin ku yana tashe cikin dogon lokaci")
Lalacewa wani yanki ne na al'ada, wanda ba zai yuwu ba na rayuwar panel. Shigar da ya dace, tsabtace dusar ƙanƙara da hankali, da tsaftacewar panel na iya taimakawa tare da fitarwa, amma a ƙarshe, tsarin hasken rana fasaha ne wanda ba shi da sassa masu motsi, yana buƙatar kulawa kadan.
Matsayi
Don tabbatar da cewa kwamitin da aka bayar yana iya yin rayuwa mai tsawo kuma yana aiki kamar yadda aka tsara, dole ne a yi gwajin ma'auni don takaddun shaida. Tambayoyi suna ƙarƙashin gwajin Hukumar Kula da Lantarki ta Duniya (IEC), wanda ya shafi duka bangarorin mono- da polycrystalline.
EnergySage ya ceAbubuwan da suka cimma daidaitattun IEC 61215 ana gwada su don halayen lantarki kamar ruwan ɗigon ruwa, da juriya na rufi. Suna ƙarƙashin gwajin nauyin injina don iska da dusar ƙanƙara, da gwaje-gwajen yanayi waɗanda ke bincika rauni zuwa wurare masu zafi, bayyanar UV, daskare mai zafi, zafi mai ɗanɗano, tasirin ƙanƙara, da sauran bayyanar waje.
IEC 61215 kuma yana ƙayyade ma'aunin aikin panel a daidaitattun yanayin gwaji, gami da ƙimar zafin jiki, wutar lantarki mai buɗewa, da matsakaicin ƙarfin fitarwa.
Hakanan ana yawan gani akan takaddar ƙayyadaddun kwamiti shine hatimin Laboratories Underwriters (UL), wanda kuma ke ba da ƙa'idodi da gwaji. UL yana gudanar da gwaje-gwajen yanayi da tsufa, da kuma cikakken gamut na gwajin aminci.
Kasawa
Rashin aikin hasken rana yana faruwa a ƙananan kuɗi. NRELgudanar da nazarina tsarin sama da 50,000 da aka girka a Amurka da 4,500 a duniya tsakanin shekarun 2000 da 2015. Binciken ya gano matsakaicin gazawar bangarori 5 daga cikin 10,000 a shekara.
Rashin gazawar kwamiti ya inganta sosai a kan lokaci, kamar yadda aka gano cewa tsarin da aka shigar tsakanin 1980 da 2000 ya nuna gazawar adadin ninki biyu na ƙungiyar bayan-2000.
(Karanta: “Manyan kamfanonin hasken rana a cikin aiki, aminci da inganci")
Ba kasafai ake danganta lokacin raguwar tsarin zuwa gazawar panel ba. A gaskiya ma, wani binciken da kWh Analytics ya yi ya gano cewa kashi 80 cikin 100 na duk lokacin raguwar tsire-tsire na hasken rana sakamakon gazawar inverters, na'urar da ke juyar da halin yanzu na panel zuwa AC mai amfani. Mujallar pv za ta yi nazarin aikin inverter a cikin kashi na gaba na wannan jerin.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-19-2024