Walƙiya shine sanadin gama gari na gazawa a cikin tsarin photovoltaic (PV) da tsarin wutar lantarki.Ƙunƙarar ƙura na iya faruwa daga walƙiya mai nisa daga tsarin, ko ma tsakanin gajimare.Amma yawancin lalacewar walƙiya ana iya hana su.Anan akwai wasu dabaru masu fa'ida masu tsada waɗanda gabaɗaya masu shigar da tsarin wutar lantarki ke karɓa, dangane da gogewar shekarun da suka gabata.Bi wannan shawarar, kuma kuna da kyakkyawar dama ta guje wa lalacewar walƙiya ga tsarin ku na makamashi mai sabuntawa (RE).
Samun Kasa
Yin ƙasa shine mafi mahimmancin fasaha don kariya daga lalacewar walƙiya.Ba za ku iya dakatar da hawan walƙiya ba, amma kuna iya ba shi hanyar kai tsaye zuwa ƙasa wanda ke ƙetare kayan aikinku masu mahimmanci, kuma yana fitar da haɓakar cikin ƙasa cikin aminci.Hanyar lantarki zuwa ƙasa za ta kasance koyaushe tana fitar da tsayayyen wutar lantarki da ke taruwa a cikin wani tsari na sama.Sau da yawa, wannan yana hana sha'awar walƙiya a farkon wuri.
An ƙera masu kama walƙiya da masu kariyar ƙuri'a don kare kayan lantarki ta hanyar ɗaukar igiyoyin lantarki.Duk da haka, waɗannan na'urori ba su zama madadin ƙasa mai kyau ba.Suna aiki ne kawai tare da ingantaccen ƙasa.Tsarin ƙasa muhimmin sashi ne na kayan aikin wayar ku.Shigar da shi kafin ko yayin da aka shigar da wutar lantarki.In ba haka ba, da zarar tsarin yana aiki, wannan muhimmin bangaren na iya taɓa yin bincike akan jerin "yi".
Mataki na ɗaya a cikin ƙasa shine gina hanyar fitarwa zuwa ƙasa ta hanyar haɗawa (haɗin haɗin gwiwa) duk kayan aikin ƙarfe da kayan aikin lantarki, kamar firam ɗin PV module, racks masu hawa, da hasumiya na janareta na iska.Lambar Lantarki ta Ƙasa (NEC), Mataki na 250 da Mataki na 690.41 zuwa 690.47 sun ƙayyade girman waya, kayan aiki, da dabaru masu dacewa da lambar.Guji lanƙwasawa masu kaifi a cikin wayoyi na ƙasa-maɗaukakin hawan hawan baya son juya sasanninta kuma yana iya tsallewa cikin sauƙi zuwa wayoyi na kusa.Kula da hankali na musamman ga haɗe-haɗe na wayar jan karfe zuwa abubuwan tsarin aluminum (musamman firam ɗin PV module).Yi amfani da masu haɗin haɗin da aka yi wa lakabin “AL/CU” da masu ɗaure bakin karfe, waɗanda ke rage yuwuwar lalata.Hakanan za a haɗa wayoyi na ƙasa na da'irori na DC da AC zuwa wannan tsarin ƙasa.(Dubi labarin Corner Code akan PV array grounding a cikin HP102 da HP103 don ƙarin shawara.)
Sandunan ƙasa
Mafi raunin al'amari na yawancin shigarwa shine haɗin kai da ƙasa kanta.Bayan haka, ba za ku iya rufe waya kawai zuwa duniyar ba!Madadin haka, dole ne ka binne ko guduma sandar karfen da ba ta lalacewa (mafi yawan jan karfe) a cikin ƙasa, kuma ka tabbata galibin yankinta yana hulɗa da ƙasa (ma'ana ɗanɗano) ƙasa.Ta wannan hanyar, lokacin da a tsaye wutar lantarki ko karuwa ya sauko kan layi, electrons na iya matsewa cikin ƙasa tare da ƙarancin juriya.
Hakazalika da yadda filin magudanar ruwa ke watsar da ruwa, yin ƙasa yana aiki don watsar da electrons.Idan bututun magudanar ruwa bai fita sosai a cikin ƙasa ba, ana samun magudanar ruwa.Lokacin da electrons suka dawo baya, suna tsalle tazarar (ƙirƙirar arc na lantarki) zuwa wayoyi na wutar lantarki, ta kayan aikin ku, sannan su koma ƙasa.
Don hana wannan, shigar da sandunan ƙasa masu damshin tagulla mai tsawon ƙafa ɗaya ko fiye (2.4m), 5/8-inch (16 mm), zai fi dacewa a cikin ƙasa mai ɗanɗano.Sanda guda ɗaya ba ta isa ba, musamman a busasshiyar ƙasa.A wuraren da kasa ke bushewa sosai, sai a sanya sanduna da yawa, a raba su aƙalla ƙafa shida (3m) a haɗa su tare da wayar tagulla mara kyau, binne.Wata hanya ta dabam ita ce binne #6 (13 mm2), ninki # 8 (8 mm2), ko mafi girma mara waya ta jan ƙarfe a cikin rami aƙalla ƙafa 100 (30m) tsayi.(Za a iya tafiyar da waya ta ƙasa maras kyau tare da kasan ramin da ke ɗaukar ruwa ko bututun ruwa, ko wasu wayoyi na lantarki).Haɗa ƙarshen kowane waya da aka binne zuwa tsarin ƙasa.
Yi ƙoƙarin shigar da wani ɓangare na tsarin zuwa wuraren da ke da ruwa, kamar inda rufin rufi ya keto ko kuma inda za a shayar da tsire-tsire.Idan akwai rijiyar ƙarfe a kusa, za ku iya amfani da shi azaman sandar ƙasa (yi ƙarfi, haɗin da aka kulle zuwa casing).
A cikin yanayi mai ɗanɗano, ƙwanƙarar ƙafar ƙanƙara na jeri na ƙasa ko sandal, ko hasumiya mai samar da iska, ko sandunan ƙasa da ke cikin siminti ba za su samar da ƙasa mai kyau ba.A cikin waɗannan wurare, siminti yawanci zai zama ƙasa da ƙasa fiye da ƙasa mai ɗanɗano da ke kewaye da ƙafafu.Idan haka ne, shigar da sandar ƙasa a cikin ƙasa kusa da siminti a gindin array, ko kuma a gindin hasumiya na janareta na iska da kowane anka na waya, sa'an nan kuma haɗa su duka tare da wayar da aka binne.
A cikin busasshiyar yanayi ko bushewar yanayi, akasin haka shine sau da yawa gaskiya - ƙwanƙwaran ƙafa na iya samun abun ciki mafi girma fiye da ƙasan da ke kewaye, kuma suna ba da damar tattalin arziki don ƙasa.Idan rebar mai tsawon ƙafa 20 (ko ya fi tsayi) za a saka shi cikin kankare, rebar da kanta zai iya zama sandar ƙasa.(Lura: Dole ne a tsara wannan kafin a zubar da simintin.) Wannan hanyar ta ƙasa ta zama ruwan dare a wuraren busassun, kuma an kwatanta shi a cikin NEC, Mataki na 250.52 (A3), "Kamfanin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙira."
Idan ba ku da tabbacin mafi kyawun hanyar ƙasa don wurinku, yi magana da mai duba wutar lantarki a lokacin ƙirar tsarin ku.Ba za ku iya samun ƙasa mai yawa ba.A cikin busasshiyar wuri, yi amfani da kowace dama don shigar da sandunan ƙasa mara nauyi, waya da aka binne, da sauransu. Don guje wa lalata, yi amfani da kayan aikin da aka amince kawai don yin haɗin kai zuwa sandunan ƙasa.Yi amfani da tsaga-kullun jan ƙarfe don raba wayoyi na ƙasa da dogaro.
Ƙarfafa Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa
Don gina wayoyi, NEC na buƙatar gefe ɗaya na tsarin wutar lantarki na DC don haɗawa-ko "ƙulla" zuwa ƙasa.Bangaren AC na irin wannan tsarin kuma dole ne ya zama ƙasa ta hanyar al'ada na kowane tsarin haɗin grid.(Wannan gaskiya ne a Amurka. A wasu ƙasashe, da'irar wutar lantarki ba tare da ƙasa ba shine al'ada.) Ana buƙatar ƙaddamar da tsarin wutar lantarki don tsarin gida na zamani a Amurka.Yana da mahimmanci cewa DC korau da tsaka-tsakin AC an haɗa su zuwa ƙasa a lokaci ɗaya kawai a cikin tsarin su, kuma duka biyu zuwa ma'ana ɗaya a cikin tsarin ƙasa.Ana yin wannan a cibiyar wutar lantarki ta tsakiya.
Masu kera wasu tsare-tsare masu manufa guda ɗaya (kamar famfunan ruwa na hasken rana da masu maimaita rediyo) sun ba da shawarar kada a kasa da'irar wutar lantarki.Koma zuwa umarnin masana'anta don takamaiman shawarwari.
Tsare-tsaren Waya & "Twisted Pair" Technique
Ya kamata a yi amfani da wayoyi mafi ƙanƙanta na wayoyi, wanda aka ɓoye cikin tsarin ƙarfe.Wayoyi masu kyau da mara kyau yakamata su kasance daidai da tsayi, kuma a gudana tare a duk lokacin da zai yiwu.Wannan zai rage shigar da matsanancin ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin masu gudanarwa.Ƙarfe mashigar ruwa (ƙasa) kuma yana ƙara kariya.Binne doguwar waya ta waje tana gudana maimakon gudanar da su sama.Waya mai tsayin ƙafa 100 (mita 30) ko sama da haka tana kama da eriya — za ta sami tashin hankali har ma daga walƙiya a cikin gajimare.Irin wannan tashin hankali na iya faruwa ko da an binne wayoyi, amma yawancin masu sakawa sun yarda cewa na'urorin watsawa da aka binne na kara iyakance yiwuwar lalacewar walƙiya.
Dabara mai sauƙi don rage saurin kamuwa da cutar hawan jini ita ce dabarar “karkatattu biyu”, wacce ke taimakawa daidaitawa da soke duk wani ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin masu gudanarwa biyu ko fiye.Zai yi wuya a sami kebul ɗin wutar lantarki da ya dace wanda ya riga ya murɗa, don haka ga abin da za a yi: Sanya wayoyi biyu na wuta tare da ƙasa.Saka sanda tsakanin wayoyi, sa'an nan kuma juya su tare.Kowane ƙafa 30 (m10), musanya alkibla.(Wannan ya fi sauƙi fiye da ƙoƙarin karkatar da nisa gaba ɗaya a cikin hanya ɗaya.) Ana iya amfani da rawar wuta a wasu lokuta don karkatar da wayoyi, dangane da girman waya.Kawai tabbatar da ƙarshen wayoyi a cikin chuck ɗin rawar soja kuma bari aikin rawar ya juya igiyoyin tare.Tabbatar da gudanar da rawar jiki a mafi ƙanƙancin saurin yuwuwar idan kun gwada wannan fasaha.
Ba a buƙatar karkatar da waya ta ƙasa tare da wayoyi masu ƙarfi.Don gudanar da jana'izar, yi amfani da waya maras tushe;idan kun yi amfani da magudanar ruwa, kunna wayar ƙasa a wajen magudanar ruwa.Ƙarin hulɗar ƙasa zai inganta ƙaddamar da tsarin.
Yi amfani da igiyoyin murɗaɗɗen kebul don kowane sadarwa ko igiyoyi masu sarrafawa (misali, kebul mai sauyawa don cikakken tanki na kashe famfo na ruwan rana).Wannan ƙaramar ma'aunin waya tana samuwa cikin shirye-shiryen da aka rigaya ta jujjuya, da yawa, ko igiyoyi guda biyu.Hakanan zaka iya siyan kebul ɗin murɗaɗɗen garkuwa, wanda ke da foil ɗin ƙarfe kewaye da murɗaɗɗen wayoyi, kuma yawanci keɓantaccen, waya mara amfani kuma.Ƙaddamar da garkuwar kebul da magudanar waya a ƙarshen ɗaya kawai, don kawar da yiwuwar ƙirƙirar madauki na ƙasa (ƙasa da hanyar kai tsaye zuwa ƙasa) a cikin wayoyi.
Ƙarin Kariyar Walƙiya
Bugu da ƙari ga matakan ƙasa mai yawa, na'urorin kariya na musamman da kuma (yiwuwar) sandunan walƙiya ana ba da shawarar ga wuraren da ke da kowane yanayi masu zuwa:
• Keɓe wuri a kan babban ƙasa a cikin wani wuri mai tsananin walƙiya
• Busasshiyar ƙasa, m, ko in ba haka ba ƙasa mara kyau
Waya tana gudu sama da ƙafa 100 (m30)
Masu kama walƙiya
Masu kama walƙiya (surge) an ƙirƙira su ne don ɗaukar igiyoyin wutan lantarki da ke haifar da guguwar lantarki (ko ƙarfin amfani da ba na musamman), kuma yadda ya kamata ya ba da damar hawan wutar lantarki da kayan aikin ku.Yakamata a shigar da masu kariyar ƙuri'a a ƙarshen kowane tsayin waya mai tsayi wanda ke da alaƙa da kowane ɓangaren tsarin ku, gami da layukan AC daga injin inverter.An yi masu kama don nau'ikan ƙarfin lantarki don duka AC da DC.Tabbatar yin amfani da masu kama masu dacewa don aikace-aikacenku.Yawancin masu shigar da tsarin suna amfani da masu kama Delta, waɗanda ba su da tsada kuma suna ba da kariya inda barazanar walƙiya ta kasance matsakaici, amma waɗannan rukunin ba a lissafa su ba.
Masu kama PolyPhaser da Transtector samfura ne masu inganci don wuraren da ke da saurin walƙiya da manyan shigarwa.Waɗannan raka'a masu ɗorewa suna ba da kariya mai ƙarfi da dacewa tare da nau'ikan ƙarfin lantarki iri-iri.Wasu na'urori suna da alamomi don nuna yanayin gazawa.
Sandunan Walƙiya
"sandunan walƙiya" na'urorin fitarwa ne a tsaye waɗanda aka sanya sama da gine-gine da na'urorin lantarki masu amfani da hasken rana, kuma an haɗa su da ƙasa.Ana nufin su hana haɓakar cajin tsaye da ionization na yanayin kewaye.Za su iya taimakawa hana yajin aiki, kuma suna iya samar da hanya mai tsayin daka zuwa kasa idan yajin aikin ya faru.Na'urorin zamani suna da sifar karu, galibi suna da maki da yawa.
Ana amfani da sandunan walƙiya ne kawai a wuraren da ke fuskantar matsananciyar guguwar lantarki.Idan kuna tunanin rukunin yanar gizonku ya faɗi cikin wannan rukunin, ɗauki ɗan kwangila wanda ke da gogewar kariyar walƙiya.Idan mai saka na'urar ku bai cancanta ba, yi la'akari da tuntuɓar ƙwararren kariyar walƙiya kafin a shigar da tsarin.Idan za ta yiwu, zaɓi Hukumar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru (NABCEP) PV (duba Access).Kodayake wannan takaddun shaida ba ta keɓance ga kariyar walƙiya ba, tana iya zama nuni ga matakin mai sakawa na gabaɗayan ƙwarewa.
Daga Gani, Ba Fita Daga Hankali ba
An binne mai yawa aikin kariya na walƙiya, kuma daga gani.Don taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa an yi shi daidai, rubuta shi a cikin kwangilar ku tare da mai saka na'urarku, ma'aikacin lantarki, mai tonawa, mai aikin famfo, mai rijiya, ko duk wanda ke yin aikin ƙasa wanda zai ƙunshi tsarin ƙasa.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-10-2020